Pulse measurements
Industrial networks conveying pressurized fluids can be subject to pulsation phenomena generated by the operation of positive-displacement machines. When uncontrolled, these pressure fluctuations are a major source of acoustic and vibratory excitation for piping systems.
Pulsation measurements can be used to analyze these phenomena, quantify their levels and assess their contribution to the mechanical vibrations observed on installations. SIM Engineering supports manufacturers in the characterization and control of pressure pulsations in order to secure network operation and optimize reliability.
The challenges of pressure pulsations in industrial environments
Pressure pulsations are inherent to the operation of many rotating positive-displacement machines, such as screw, piston or diaphragm compressors. Such equipment generates periodic variations in flow and pressure, which can excite the natural modes of piping networks.
When pulsating frequencies coincide with system resonance frequencies, amplification phenomena can occur, leading to excessive vibration, mechanical fatigue, acoustic nuisance and the risk of premature failure. Pulsation engineering aims to understand these mechanisms in order to limit their effects.
Instrumented measurements on industrial plants
SIM Engineering carries out measurement campaigns directly on site, under representative operating conditions. Investigations focus mainly on positive-displacement machines and associated networks, where pulsating phenomena are most pronounced.
Measurements are taken using intrusive pressure transducers, positioned at critical points in the network based on analysis of the process diagram and operating history. This instrumentation accurately captures pressure fluctuations at the heart of the system.
Static and dynamic pressure acquisition
Measurement campaigns integrate both continuous static pressure and pulsating dynamic pressure. This dual approach makes it possible to characterize the network’s overall operating regime and analyze superimposed fluctuations in detail.
Acquisitions are made in fine bands using FFT-type frequency analysis, offering sufficient resolution to identify dominant components, operating harmonics and acoustic resonance phenomena.
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Frequency analysis and correlation with vibrations
By analyzing pulsed signals, we can identify the excitation frequencies generated by the machines and compare them with the frequencies measured during vibration monitoring campaigns. This correlation is a key element in understanding the origin of excessive vibrations.
The coupled pressure-vibration approach makes it possible to distinguish purely mechanical phenomena from those induced by the internal acoustic excitation of piping systems.
Normative assessment and severity criteria
The pulsation levels measured are assessed against the applicable standards, in particular API 618 for piping networks associated with reciprocating compressors. This analysis is used to determine the severity of pulsations and identify potential risks to the mechanical integrity of installations.
When specific standards are not applicable, the assessment is based on analysis of the acoustic excitation at the origin of the vibrations observed, using the rules of vibration engineering.
Diagnosis of resonance phenomena
Pulsation measurements reveal the internal acoustic resonance of networks. Identifying characteristic lengths, natural frequencies and amplification points is an essential diagnostic step.
This in-depth analysis enables us to pinpoint areas with a high pressure gradient, and to target corrective actions accordingly.
Optimization of pulse reduction devices
As part of the studies carried out, SIM Engineering can help optimize the tuning of quarter-wave resonators. By analyzing measurements, we can fine-tune their tuning frequency to effectively attenuate the dominant pulsating components.
This optimization contributes to reducing dynamic pressure levels, limiting pipe vibration excitation and improving overall network stability.
Source characterization and acoustic dimensioning
The data obtained from these measurements can also be used to characterize the pulsating source, which in turn can be used to design silencers and soundproofing systems. Precise knowledge of pressure spectra is an essential prerequisite for designing truly effective solutions.
This stage ensures consistency between expected performance and the equipment used.
Engineering at the heart of plant reliability
Pulsation measurements are part of a global approach to vibration and acoustic engineering. By combining precision instrumentation, advanced frequency analysis and normative interpretation, SIM Engineering supports manufacturers in controlling internal excitation phenomena.
This approach helps to prevent mechanical damage, reduce noise pollution and ensure the long-term viability of the most heavily-used industrial networks.
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